The Starmus Science Festival was first held in 2011, and since then it has become a tradition for leading scientists, celebrities in the field of cosmonautics and music, who are united by a passion for popularizing knowledge about the Earth and space. The founder of the festival and astrophysicist Garik Israelian created an expert council, which included such remarkable personalities as astrophysicist and rock musician Brian May, evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, discoverer of microwave radiation Robert Wilson, theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, cosmonaut Alexey Leonov, chemist and Nobel Prize winner Harold Kroto and others. This book contains lectures by scientists who have worked for many years to recreate the past of the universe and present its structure. They will introduce the most daring theories, some of which have been tested and proven, and some are still waiting for experimental verification, which is not available at the current stage of technology development. Those who have managed to draw the future of the universe, our planet and our own on the basis of modern data will also express themselves on these pages. The scientific editor is A. M. Krasilshchikov, Ph. D., Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of High-Energy Astrophysics of the Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology.