Упразднение смерти. Миф о спасении в русской литературе ХХ века

Kulʹtura Serebri͡anogo veka byla v vyssheĭ stepeni neodnorodnoĭ: ėzotericheskiĭ mistit͡sizm sosushchestvoval s noveĭshimi nauchnymi dostizhenii͡ami, a utonchennyĭ ėrotizm - s kulʹtom fizicheskogo truda. Odnako dli͡a vsekh ėtikh raznoobraznykh i͡avleniĭ imelasʹ odna svi͡azui͡ushchai͡a nitʹ: vse mechty i chai͡anii͡a byli napravleny na preodolenie zakonov prirody, na realizat͡sii͡u utopii, rasshirenie vozmozhnosteĭ cheloveka i sozdanie vyssheĭ rasy - vozmozhno, bessmertnoĭ. Uprazdnenie smerti - s bozhʹeĭ pomoshchʹi͡u ili bez nee - leglo v osnovu odnogo iz vazhneĭshikh mifov spasenii͡a v ėtot period. Ėto stremlenie, vyrazivsheesi͡a v idei͡akh Vladimira Solovʹeva, Nikolai͡a Fedorova i v obnovlennykh poni͡atii͡akh gnostit͡sizma, svelo takikh raznykh pisateleĭ, kak Maksim Gorʹkiĭ, Aleksandr Blok, Fedor Sologub, Nikolaĭ Ognev i Nikolaĭ Zabolot͡skiĭ v edinom prostranstve mifa ob okonchatelʹnoĭ pobede nad smertʹi͡u. Aĭrin Masing-Delich - professor Universiteta shtata Ogaĭo. Avtor ri͡ada rabot po istorii sovetskoĭ literatury.

The culture of the Silver Age was highly heterogeneous: esoteric mysticism coexisted with the latest scientific achievements, and refined eroticism-with the cult of physical labor. However, there was one common thread for all these various phenomena: all dreams and aspirations were aimed at overcoming the laws of nature, at the realization of utopia, the expansion of human capabilities and the creation of a higher race - perhaps immortal. The abolition of death - with or without God's help - formed the basis of one of the most important myths of salvation in this period. This aspiration, expressed in the ideas of Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolai Fyodorov and in the updated concepts of Gnosticism, brought together such different writers as Maxim Gorky, Alexander Blok, Fyodor Sologub, Nikolai Ognev and Nikolai Zabolotsky in a single space of the myth of the final victory over death. Irene Masing-Delich is a professor at Ohio State University. Author of a number of works on the history of Soviet literature.