The Dutch rationalist philosopher, one of the main representatives of Modern philosophy, Benedict Spinoza (Baruch d'espinosa) was born in Amsterdam in 1632 in a wealthy family of Spanish Jews who fled here from the persecution of the Inquisition. Operating with the so-called geometric method, the philosopher considered the universe as a coherent mathematical system and in his reasoning managed to reconcile and bring together the medieval theocratic world of unshakable truths and the science of Modern times, which decided that only the tireless work of reason could bring us closer to the comprehension of truth. For his "heretical" ideas, Spinoza was eventually expelled from the Jewish community where he received his education, and in the future, although his works gained respect among the most enlightened people of his time, the philosopher had no inclination to enjoy the benefits of generous patronage. The only essay published during Spinoza's lifetime with an indication of his name was "The Foundations of Descartes' Philosophy proved geometrically" with "An appendix containing metaphysical thoughts". The main masterpiece that summed up the work of Spinoza's whole life, Ethics, on which he had been working since about 1661 and where his system of reasoning appears in all its magnificent harmony, was published only in 1677, after the author's death.