Семья Мускат

Vydai͡ushchiĭsi͡a pisatelʹ, laureat Nobelevskoĭ premii Isaak Bashevis Zinger (1904-1991) posvi͡atil roman "Semʹi͡a Muskat" (1950) pami͡ati svoego starshego brata. Posvi͡ashchenie podchërkivaet preemstvennostʹ tvorcheskoĭ ėstafety, vedʹ imenno Isroėl Ĭoshua Zinger svoim znamenitym proizvedeniem "Bratʹi͡a Ashkenazi" zalozhil osnovy evreĭskogo semeĭnogo romana. Svoi gazetnye i zhurnalʹnye statʹi Isaak Bashevis Zinger imel obyknovenie podpisyvatʹ psevdonimom I. Varshavskiĭ, podchërkivai͡a svoi͡u tesnui͡u svi͡azʹ s gorodom, kotoryĭ on navsegda pokinul v 1935 godu. V te vremena naselenie Varshavy na tretʹ sostoi͡alo iz evreev, no kogda pisatelʹ rabotal nad romanom "Semʹi͡a Muskat" (konet͡s sorokovykh godov) varshavskai͡a evreĭskai͡a obshchina, t͡selai͡a evreĭskai͡a t͡sivilizat͡sii͡a uzhe byla stërta nat͡sistami s lit͡sa zemli. V ėtom romane avtor zadumal vozroditʹ iz nebytii͡a navsegda ischeznuvshiĭ gorod, izobrazitʹ Varshavu v tom, dovoennom, pervozdannom vide. "Semʹi͡a Muskat" - ėto semeĭnai͡a saga, sozdannai͡a v tradit͡sii Dzhona Golsuorsi ili Tomasa Manna. Roman izobrazhaet krizis tradit͡sionnogo evreĭskogo uklada v Vostochnoĭ Evrope, opisyvai͡a zhiznʹ neskolʹkikh pokoleniĭ semeĭstva Muskatov - blagochestivogo patriarkha Meshulama i ego mnogochislennykh potomkov, dli͡a kotorykh kharakterny razlichnye sposoby i stepeni otkhoda ot evreĭskoĭ tradit͡sii: beznravstvennye prostupki, vkli͡uchai͡a adi͡ulʹter i krazhu, narushenie religioznykh ustanovleniĭ, polnyĭ otkaz ot evreĭskogo obraza zhizni - ėmigrat͡sii͡a v Ameriku, priverzhennostʹ svetskomu sionizmu i kommunisticheskoĭ ideologii, assimili͡at͡sii͡a v polʹskui͡u sredu, perekhod v khristianstvo. Krome opisanii͡a sudʹby ėtogo klana, kniga s osoboĭ i͡arkostʹi͡u risuet obraz Asy-Geshla, znatoka Talmuda iz provint͡sii, kotorogo v Varshave ozhidaet tipichnoe dli͡a togo vremeni preobrazhenie iz revnostnogo iudei͡a v bezbozhnika, prichëm kazhdomu ėtapu ėtogo preobrazhenii͡a sootvetstvuet nekiĭ chlen semʹi Muskatov, a postepennai͡a transformat͡sii͡a Asy-Geshla v otʺi͡avlennogo nigilista analogichna kollektivnoĭ gibeli vsego semeĭstva. Roman sushchestvuet v dvukh versii͡akh - idishskoĭ i angliĭskoĭ, perevod kotoroĭ my i predlagaem chitateli͡u.

Outstanding writer, Nobel prize winner Isaac Bashevis singer (1904-1991) dedicated the novel "the Muscat Family" (1950) to the memory of his older brother. The dedication emphasizes the continuity of the creative relay, because it was Yisroel Joshua singer, with his famous work "the Ashkenazi Brothers", who laid the foundations of the Jewish family novel. Isaac Bashevis singer used to sign his newspaper and magazine articles under the pseudonym I. Varshavsky, emphasizing his close connection with the city, which he left for good in 1935. At that time, the population of Warsaw was one-third Jewish, but when the writer was working on the novel "the Muscat Family" (late forties), the Warsaw Jewish community, the entire Jewish civilization was already wiped out by the Nazis. In this novel, the author conceived the idea of reviving a city that has disappeared forever from oblivion, to depict Warsaw in its pre-war, pristine form. "The Muscat family" is a family Saga created in the tradition of John Galsworthy or Thomas Mann. The novel depicts the crisis of the traditional Jewish way of life in Eastern Europe, describing the life of several generations of the Muscat family — the pious Patriarch Meshulam and his numerous descendants, who are characterized by various ways and degrees of departure from the Jewish tradition: immoral offenses, including adultery and theft, violation of religious institutions, complete rejection of the Jewish way of life — emigration to America, adherence to secular Zionism and Communist ideology, assimilation into the Polish environment, conversion to Christianity. In addition to describing the fate of this clan, book with special brightness draws the image of the Aesir Hesla, a connoisseur of the Talmud from the province, of which Warsaw expects typical for the transformation from a zealous Jew to atheist, and each stage of this transformation corresponds to a member of a family of Muscats, and the gradual transformation of Asa-Gesla in the notorious nihilist similar collective death of the entire family. The novel exists in two versions-Yiddish and English, the translation of which we offer the reader.