Спін-диктатори. Як змінюються обличчя тиранії в ХХІ столітті

Hitler, Stalin i Mao pravyly shli͡akhom nasylʹstva, strakhu ta ideolohiï. Odnak v ostanni desi͡atylitti͡a novi lidery, i͡aki obiznani z mediĭnymy tekhnolohii͡amy, pererobli͡ai͡utʹ avtorytarne pravlinni͡a pid realiï hlobalʹnykh zv"i͡azkiv svitu. Na pochatku svoho pravlinni͡a, zamistʹ vidkrytykh masovykh represiĭ taki pravyteli, i͡ak Volodymyr Putin, Redz͡hep Taïp Erdohan i Viktor Orban, kontroli͡ui͡utʹ hromadi͡an, spotvori͡ui͡uchy informat͡sii͡u ta symuli͡ui͡uchy demokratychni prot͡sedury. Podibno do naukovo-doslidnykh ekspertiv u demokratychnykh kraïnakh, vony modeli͡ui͡utʹ i nakydai͡utʹ takyĭ stan realʹnosti, i͡akyĭ trymatyme hromadi͡an u shorakh i davatyme zmohu dyktatoram lyshatysi͡a pry vladi. Rozkryvai͡uchy t͡si͡u novu formu avtorytaryzmu, Serhiĭ Hurii͡ev i Deniel Treĭsman poi͡asni͡ui͡utʹ poi͡avu takykh "spin-dyktatoriv", opysui͡uchy, i͡ak vony z"i͡avli͡ai͡utʹsi͡a i dii͡utʹ, oznachui͡uchy zahrozy, i͡aki vony stanovli͡atʹ, i te, i͡ak demokratiï mai͡utʹ na t͡se reahuvaty. U knyz͡ht͡si oznacheno, i͡ak taki lidery, i͡ak Li Kuan I͡U iz Singapuru ta Alʹberto Fukhimori z Peru, zaprovadyly mensh nasylʹnyt͡sʹki, bilʹsh prykhovani ĭ efektyvnishi metody monopolizat͡siï vlady. Vony kulʹtyvuvaly imidz͡h kompetentnosti, prykhovuvaly t͡senzuru ĭ vykorystovuvaly demokratychni instytuty dli͡a pidryvu demokratiï. Avtory poi͡asni͡ui͡utʹ, chomu bilʹshistʹ suchasnykh avtorytarystiv i͡e spin-dyktatoramy i chym vony vidrizni͡ai͡utʹsi͡a vid reshty "dyktatoriv strakhu" - takykh, i͡ak Kim Chen Yn i Bashar alʹ-Asad, a takoz͡h vid maĭstriv vysokotekhnolohichnykh represiĭ, i͡ak-ot Si T͡Szinʹpin.

Hitler, Stalin, and Mao ruled through violence, fear, and ideology. However, in recent decades, new leaders who are familiar with media technologies have been reworking authoritarian rule to fit the realities of the world's global connections. At the beginning of his rule, instead of open mass repression, rulers such as Vladimir Putin, Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Viktor Orban controlled citizens by distorting information and simulating democratic procedures. Like research experts in democracies, they model and sketch a state of reality that will keep citizens blinded and allow dictators to stay in power. In revealing this new form of authoritarianism, Sergei Guriev and Daniel Treisman explain the emergence of such "spin dictators" by describing how they appear and act, denoting the threats they pose, and how democracies should respond to them. The book describes how leaders such as Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore and Alberto Fujimori of Peru introduced less violent, more covert, and more effective methods of monopolizing power. They cultivated an image of competence, concealed censorship, and used democratic institutions to undermine democracy. The authors explain why most modern authoritarians are spin dictators and how they differ from other "fear dictators" such as Kim Jong — Un and Bashar al-Assad, as well as from masters of high-tech repression such as Xi Jinping.