Мозг материален

Asi͡a Kazant͡seva - izvestnyĭ nauchnyĭ zhurnalist, strastno pishushchiĭ lektor, avtor neskolʹkikh bestsellerov o chelovecheskom mozge i povedenii, laureat premii "Prosvetitelʹ", po obrazovanii͡u neĭrobiolog.Mozg - ėto nash glavnyĭ rabochiĭ instrument, i poėtomu polezno predstavli͡atʹ obshchie print͡sipy ego ustroĭstva. Kazhdyĭ raz, kogda my pytaemsi͡a sosredotochitʹsi͡a, ili chto-to zapominaem, ili otvlekaemsi͡a na nenuzhnui͡u trevogu, ili delaem vybor, v ėtom zadeĭstvovan konkretnyĭ ansamblʹ nervnykh kletok.V neĭrobiologicheskikh ėksperimentakh inogda udaetsi͡a ikh naĭti, vozdeĭstvovatʹ na nikh kakoĭ-nibudʹ ėlektricheskoĭ stimuli͡at͡sieĭ, i prosleditʹ prichinno-sledstvennui͡u svi͡azʹ mezhdu rabotoĭ mozga i povedeniem napri͡amui͡u. V povsednevnoĭ zhizni vazhno, chto ėta prichinno-sledstvennai͡a svi͡azʹ rabotaet i v obratnom napravlenii: nashe povedenie samo po sebe formiruet nashi neĭronnye kontury, povyshai͡a veroi͡atnostʹ, naprimer, povtoritʹ te zhe samye tragicheskie oshibki (ili dostichʹ stolʹ zhe vpechatli͡ai͡ushchikh rezulʹtatov) i v sledui͡ushchiĭ raz. Granʹ mezhdu tragicheskimi oshibkami i vpechatli͡ai͡ushchimi rezulʹtatami neochevidna, v mozge estʹ substrat i dli͡a togo i dli͡a drugogo, i ėto nado uchityvatʹ, chtoby predʺi͡avli͡atʹ realistichnye trebovanii͡a k sebe i k okruzhai͡ushchim.

Asya Kazantseva is a well—known scientific journalist, passionate lecturer, author of several best-selling books about the human brain and behavior, winner of the Enlightener Prize, and a neuroscientist by training.The brain is our main working tool, and therefore it is useful to present the general principles of its structure. Every time we try to concentrate, or memorize something, or get distracted by unnecessary anxiety, or make a choice, a specific ensemble of nerve cells is involved.In neurobiological experiments, it is sometimes possible to find them, influence them with some kind of electrical stimulation, and trace the causal relationship between brain function and behavior directly. In everyday life, it is important that this causal relationship also works in the opposite direction: our behavior itself shapes our neural circuits, increasing the likelihood, for example, of repeating the same tragic mistakes (or achieving equally impressive results) the next time. The line between tragic mistakes and impressive results is not obvious, there is a substrate in the brain for both, and this must be taken into account in order to make realistic demands on oneself and others.