Афганистан. Полная история страны

Istorii͡a Afganistana - ėto pochti nepreryvnai͡a istorii͡a voĭn s korotkimi mirnymi peredyshkami. V ėtoĭ gornoĭ strane pobyvali mnogie zavoevateli - sozdateli mirovykh imperiĭ - persidskiĭ t͡sarʹ Kir II Velikiĭ, Aleksandr Makedonskiĭ, Chingiskhan, Tamerlan, Babur…Afganistan vsegda bylo sravnitelʹno legko zavoevatʹ, no vot uderzhatʹ zavoevannoe ne udavalosʹ prakticheski nikomu. Mestnye plemena, tolʹko nominalʹno podchini͡avshiesi͡a t͡sentralʹnoĭ vlasti, vsegda byli voinstvennymi i gotovymi srazhatʹsi͡a za svoi zemli. V to zhe vremi͡a, v Srednie veka nekotorye goroda sovremennogo Afganistana byli vazhnymi t͡sentrami islamskoĭ kulʹtury. Zdesʹ tvorili poėty i mysliteli Firdousi, Biruni, Alisher Navoi… Sokhranilisʹ monumentalʹnye pami͡atniki Srednevekovʹi͡a, prezhde vsego dvort͡sy, mecheti i mavzolei. Drevni͡ai͡a i novai͡a istorii͡a Afganistana do sikh por khranit nemalo taĭn.

The history of Afghanistan is an almost continuous history of wars with brief peaceful respites. This mountainous country has been visited by many conquerors – the creators of world empires – the Persian king Cyrus II the Great, Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, Tamerlane, Babur... Afghanistan has always been relatively easy to conquer, but almost no one has been able to keep what they have conquered. The local tribes, which were only nominally subordinate to the central government, were always belligerent and ready to fight for their lands. At the same time, in the Middle Ages, some cities of modern Afghanistan were important centers of Islamic culture. Poets and thinkers Firdowsi, Biruni, and Alisher Navoi created here.… Monumental monuments of the Middle Ages have been preserved, primarily palaces, mosques and mausoleums. The ancient and modern history of Afghanistan still holds many secrets.