Итальянские войны (1492–1518)

Italʹi͡anskie voĭny kont͡sa XV - pervoĭ poloviny XVI vekov - samyĭ krupnyĭ voennyĭ konflikt so vremen Stoletneĭ voĭny, razgorevshiĭsi͡a mezhdu dvumi͡a derzhavami pozdnesrednevekovoĭ Evropy: t͡sentralizovannoĭ Frant͡sieĭ, kotorai͡a nakhodilasʹ v zenite svoego mogushchestva, i Ispanieĭ, tolʹko nachinavsheĭ putʹ k imperskomu budushchemu pod skipetrom dvukh gosudareĭ - Izabelly i Ferdinanda. Spor razgorelsi͡a iz-za vladenii͡a Neapolitanskim korolevstvom i Milanskim gert͡sogstvom. Italii͡a byla slaba v politicheskom otnoshenii i, raskolotai͡a na mnozhestvo gorodov-gosudarstv, stala legkoĭ dobycheĭ dli͡a svoikh sosedeĭ.Na poli͡akh srazheniĭ proi͡avili sebi͡a ryt͡sari i voenachalʹniki, chʹi imena gremeli po vseĭ Evrope: ispanet͡s Gonsalo Fernandes de Kordova, "velikiĭ voenachalʹnik", i frant͡suz Pʹer Bai͡ard, "ryt͡sarʹ bez strakha i upreka". Imenno v ėtikh voĭnakh okonchatelʹno zakatilasʹ zvezda evropeĭskogo ryt͡sarstva, ustupivshego mesto novoĭ sile - ispanskoĭ pekhote, navodivsheĭ strakh na vsi͡u Evropu na proti͡azhenii sledui͡ushchikh polutorasta let.Italʹi͡anskie voĭny izmenili ne tolʹko voennoe iskusstvo. Praviteli, vynuzhdennye soderzhatʹ bolʹshie armii, dolzhny byli izyskivatʹ novye sposoby sbora nalogov i upravlenii͡a podvlastnymi territorii͡ami. Imenno poėtomu mozhno skazatʹ, chto Italʹi͡anskie voĭny stali prologom k rozhdenii͡u Evropy Novogo vremeni.

The Italian wars of the end of the XV — first half of the XVI centuries — the largest military conflict since the Hundred years ' war, which broke out between two powers of late medieval Europe: centralized France, which was at the Zenith of its power, and Spain, just beginning the path to an Imperial future under the sceptre of two sovereigns — Isabella and Ferdinand. The dispute broke out over the ownership of the Kingdom of Naples and the Duchy of Milan. Italy was weak politically and, split into many city-States, became easy prey for its neighbors.On the battlefields proved themselves knights and military leaders whose names resounded throughout Europe: the Spaniard Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova, "the great commander", and the Frenchman Pierre Bayard,"a knight without fear or reproach". It was in these wars that the star of European chivalry finally set, giving way to a new force — the Spanish infantry, which caused fear throughout Europe for the next hundred and fifty years.The Italian wars changed not only the art of war. Rulers who were forced to maintain large armies had to find new ways to collect taxes and manage their territories. That is why we can say that the Italian wars were the prologue to the birth of Modern Europe.