Дети улицы: сборник рассказов

Alekseĭ Ivanovich Svirskiĭ (do kreshcheniia Shimon Dovid Vigdorovich) Rodilsia v bednoĭ evreĭskoĭ semʹe (otets byl krovelʹshchikom na tabachnoĭ fabrike, matʹ prislugoĭ). S 12 let Svirskiĭ puteshestvoval po vseĭ Rossii, byl v Persii i Turtsii, byval v tiurʹmakh, nochlezhnykh domakh i pritonakh. Rabotal portovym gruzchikom, upriazhnym v donetskikh shakhtakh, chernorabochim na vyshkakh Baku, na vinogradnikakh i tabachnykh plantatsiiakh Kavkaza i Bessarabii.Pervoe stikhotvorenie Svirskogo, posviashchënnoe pamiati A. Kolʹtsova, bylo napechatano v 1892 godu v gazete «Rostovskie n/D izvestiia». S ėtikh por Svirskiĭ nachal reguliarno pisatʹ ocherki «iz bosiatskoĭ zhizni». Pervye knigi — «Rostovskie trushchoby», «Po tiurʹmam i vertepam», «Pogibshie liudi»...Osoboe mesto v tvorchestve Svirskogo zanimaet tema deteĭ i podrostkov gorodskoĭ okrainy. Tak, v proizvedenii «Deti ulitsy» avtoropisyvaet zhiznʹ nishcheĭ detvory, vynuzhdennoĭ s rannikh let v ozhestochennoĭ borʹbe dobyvatʹ sebe kusok khleba. A glavnoĭ tvorcheskoĭ udacheĭ Svirskogo po pravu schitaetsia povestʹ «Ryzhik» o skitaniiakh malenʹkogo besprizornika. Razvenchivaia romantiku brodiazhnichestva, pokazyvaia gibelʹnostʹ «dna», Svirskiĭ govorit o neobkhodimosti cheloveka borotʹsia za svoiu zhiznʹ, bytʹ nuzhnym liudiam – odin iz geroev povesti, umiraia, govorit: «Ne nado tak zhitʹ. Poĭmi, my okolo zhizni khodili, a v seredine ee ne byli… Trudisʹ… Budʹ polezen drugim… Vot schastʹe… Shatatʹsia ne nado…»

Alexey Ivanovich Svirsky (before his baptism Shimon Dovid Vigdorovich) was Born in a poor Jewish family (his father was a roofer at a tobacco factory, his mother was a servant). From the age of 12, Svirsky traveled all over Russia, was in Persia and Turkey, visited prisons, doss houses and brothels. He worked as a port loader, harnessed in the Donetsk mines, a laborer on the towers of Baku, in the vineyards and tobacco plantations of the Caucasus and Bessarabia.The first poem by Svirsky, dedicated to the memory of A. Koltsov, was published in 1892 in the newspaper "Rostov n/A Izvestia". Since then, Svirsky began to regularly write essays "from the barefoot life." The first books — "Rostov slums", "Prisons and Nativity scenes", "Dead people"...A special place in the work of Svirsky is the theme of children and adolescents of the city outskirts. So, in the work "Children of the street" autorizes the life of poor children, forced from an early age in a fierce struggle to get a piece of bread. And the main creative success of Svirsky is considered to be the story "ginger" about the wanderings of a small street kid. Debunking the romance of vagrancy, showing the ruinousness of the "bottom", Svirsky says about the need for a person to fight for his life, to be necessary for people – one of the heroes of the story, dying, says: "do Not live like this. Understand, we about life went, and in the middle of it were not... Work... Be useful to others... Here happiness... it is not necessary to Stagger…»