Соціальна історія татуювань

Kolysʹ tatui͡uvanni͡a ne buly ani populi͡arnymy, ani pryĭni͡atnymy i͡ak forma modyfikat͡siï tila. Zhidno z Knyhoi͡u Butti͡a, pershoi͡u tatuĭovanoi͡u li͡udynoi͡u, a i͡akshcho tochnishe - pershoi͡u pomichenoi͡u li͡udynoi͡u v istoriï buv Kaïn, holova prokli͡atoho rodu. Sered kharakternykh rys tatui͡uvanni͡a slid zhadaty te, shcho vono spryĭmalosi͡a osudnym znakom, i͡akyĭ chasto asot͡sii͡uvavsi͡a zi svitom prostytutok ta marhinaliv. Zakhodu bula neznaĭoma shyroka praktyka mali͡unkiv na shkiri, i vpershe tatui͡uvanni͡a potrapyly do nashoho svitu cherez shchodennyky Dz͡heĭmsa Kuka, i͡akyĭ vykorystav termin "tatu" pisli͡a povernenni͡a zi svoi͡eï pershoï podoroz͡hi do pivdennykh moriv. Same z dyvovyz͡hnykh zvitiv mandrivnykiv visimnadt͡si͡atoho stolitti͡a vynykai͡e ekzotychne ui͡avlenni͡a pro daleki etnosy, i tatui͡uvanni͡a v t͡sʹomu konteksti vidihrai͡utʹ osnovnu rolʹ u vyznachenni inshosti neznaĭomykh narodiv.<br><br>Zavdi͡aky "prokli͡atiĭ" auri tatui͡uvanni͡a nabuvai͡e neabyi͡akoï populi͡arnosti u seredyni simdesi͡atykh rokiv mynuloho stolitti͡a, koly na st͡senu vykhodi͡atʹ panky zi svoïm bachenni͡am tatui͡uvanni͡a i͡ak formy protestu. Na tu poru, poznachenu hlybokoi͡u ekonomichnoi͡u kryzoi͡u ta vysokym rivnem bezrobitti͡a sered molodi, pankivsʹka teatralizat͡sii͡a khytkosti butti͡a vtili͡ui͡etʹsi͡a u tatui͡uvanni͡akh i selfharmi, i͡aki pidkresli͡ui͡utʹ dykunsʹke ta marhinalʹne stanovyshche. Pochynai͡uchy z dev"i͡anostykh rokiv, tatui͡uvanni͡a raptom peretvori͡ui͡utʹsi͡a na poshyrenyĭ sered molodi, ba bilʹshe "normalizovanyĭ" znak, nanesenni͡a i͡akoho vz͡he ne vyklykai͡e vidtorhnenni͡a chy ostrakizmu. Teper tatui͡uvanni͡a - chastyna mody, i znaky na shkiri spryĭmai͡utʹsi͡a sub"i͡ektyvnym proi͡avom vlasnoho styli͡a. Charivnistʹ protestu ta modyfikat͡siï tila nabuvai͡utʹ narazi form hibrydnoho spivisnuvanni͡a z kvir-spilʹnotamy, de peretynai͡utʹsi͡a novi poshuky identychnosti ta ui͡avlenni͡a pro sebe.<br><br>Alessandra Kastellani analizui͡e vytoky i sʹohodenni͡a tatui͡uvanʹ, zaproshui͡uchy nas do t͡sikavoï podoroz͡hi u chasi ta prostori: vid Bibliï do Londonu simdesi͡atykh rokiv, vid novoho svitu, vidkrytoho mandrivnykamy visimnadt͡si͡atoho stolitti͡a, do suchasnykh mist. Zakhopli͡ui͡ucha, napysana na nashiĭ shkiri istorii͡a, z i͡akoi͡u varto oznaĭomytysi͡a!

Once Upon a time, tattoos were neither popular nor acceptable as a form of body modification. According to Genesis, the first tattooed person, or more precisely, the first person seen in history, was Cain, the head of a cursed family. Among the characteristic features of the tattoo should be mentioned that it was perceived as a sane sign, which was often associated with the world of prostitutes and marginals. West was unfamiliar with the widespread practice of drawing on skin, and tattoos first came to our world through the diaries of James Cook, who used the term "tattoo" after returning from his first trip to the South Seas. It is from the amazing reports of eighteenth-century travelers that an exotic view of distant ethnic groups emerges, and tattoos in this context play a major role in determining the otherness of unfamiliar peoples.

Thanks to the" Cursed " aura, tattooing became very popular in the mid-seventies of the last century, when punks came on stage with their vision of tattooing as a form of protest. At that time, marked by a deep economic crisis and high youth unemployment, the punk theatricalization of the shakiness of being is embodied in tattoos and selfgarmes that emphasize the savage and marginal situation. Since the nineties, tattoos suddenly turn into a common among young people, even more "normalized" sign, the application of which no longer causes rejection or ostracism. Now tattoos are part of fashion, and signs on the skin are perceived as a subjective manifestation of their own style. The charm of protest and body modifications are now taking the form of hybrid coexistence with queer communities, where new searches for identity and self-image intersect.

Alessandra Castellani analyzes the origins and present of tattoos, inviting us to an interesting journey through time and space: from the Bible to London in the Seventies, from the new world discovered by travelers of the eighteenth century, to modern cities. A fascinating story written on our skin, which is worth reading!