Старі й молоді

Dii͡a romanu rozhortai͡etʹsi͡a na Syt͡syliï u 90-kh rokakh XIX storichchi͡a, u period vidrazu pisli͡a Rysordz͡hymento (ob"i͡ednanni͡a Italiï), v dobu ekonomichnykh neharazdiv, korupt͡siĭnykh skandaliv, sot͡sialʹnykh povstanʹ i seli͡ansʹkykh vystupiv. Sam Pirandello nazvav ĭoho "spovnenym hirkoty, hustonaselenym romanom, u i͡akomu zmalʹovana drama moho pokolinni͡a". Tvir pronyzanyĭ vidchutti͡am zadukhy, i͡aka hnitytʹ i starykh, i molodykh. Pershykh vvaz͡hai͡utʹ spravz͡hnimy vynuvatt͡si͡amy skandaliv, i͡aki pryzvely do rozcharuvanni͡a idealamy, a druhi zmusheni z͡hyty v suspilʹstvi, u i͡akomu vony ne moz͡hutʹ znaĭty sobi mist͡si͡a. Rysordz͡hymento, shcho rozumii͡etʹsi͡a i͡ak onovlenni͡a nat͡siï, ne pryneslo ochikuvanykh rezulʹtativ, a nat͡sionalʹna i͡ednistʹ ne zvilʹnyla vid boli͡achok vidstali rehiony kraïny. T͡Si͡a drama proi͡avli͡ai͡etʹsi͡a v romani, storinka za storinkoi͡u, krizʹ mozaïku oblych i podiĭ. U t͡sentri uvahy - rodyna, de batʹko, predstavnyk starshoho pokolinni͡a, namahai͡etʹsi͡a utrymaty vladu ta tradyt͡siï, a ĭoho dity, zokrema syn, i͡akyĭ i͡e vidobraz͡henni͡am novoho pokolinni͡a, shukai͡utʹ vykhodu z systemy, shcho ïm ne dai͡e zmohy rozvyvatysi͡a. T͡Si miz͡hpokolinni konflikty, spovneni psykholohichnoï napruhy, stai͡utʹ osnovnoi͡u linii͡ei͡u si͡uz͡hetu. Knyha "Stari ĭ molodi" - t͡se sot͡sialʹno-psykholohichna drama, si͡uz͡het i͡akoï rozhortai͡etʹsi͡a na tli Italiï kint͡si͡a dev'i͡atnadt͡si͡atoho stolitti͡a. Pysʹmennyk Luïdz͡hi Pirandello vytvori͡ui͡e shyroku panoramu syt͡syliĭsʹkoho z͡hytti͡a, zanuri͡ui͡uchy v istorii͡u rodyny Laurentano. Miz͡h chlenamy simeĭstva postai͡e stina iz superechnosteĭ ta zneviry, a v ïkhnʹomu bachenni maĭbutnʹoho vynykai͡e prirva miz͡h idealamy ta realʹnisti͡u. Heroï zahubylysi͡a u samykh sobi, ĭ teper batʹko rodyny shukai͡e rozrady v nostalʹhiï ta tradyt͡siĭnomu ladi, a ĭoho syny namahai͡utʹsi͡a piznaty spravz͡hni͡u svobodu, pozbuvshysʹ obmez͡henʹ bi͡urokratychnoï systemy. Kontrastni prahnenni͡a t͡sentralʹnykh personaz͡hiv dramy vidbyvai͡utʹ problemy periodu Rysordz͡hymento, koly italiĭt͡si borolysi͡a za politychne ob'i͡ednanni͡a svoi͡eï kraïny. Utim, sproby onovlenni͡a nat͡siï ne pohasyly polum'i͡a chvar, pidkupiv i zlovz͡hyvanni͡a vladoi͡u… Za motyvamy romanu stvoreno ekranizat͡sii͡u: teleserial I vecchi e i giovani 1979 roku vypusku. Istorychna proza pro demoralizat͡sii͡u pokolinʹ U knyzi "Stari ĭ molodi" Luïdz͡hi Pirandello vysvitli͡ui͡e sot͡sialʹno‑politychni potri͡asinni͡a buremnykh chasiv Rysordz͡hymento ta pokazui͡e ïkhniĭ vplyv na tohochasnykh li͡udeĭ. Zitknenni͡a z bi͡urokratychnoi͡u represyvnoi͡u systemoi͡u spotvorylo t͡sinnosti ĭ prahnenni͡a kraïny, provokui͡uchy konflikt pokolinʹ, i͡akyĭ avtor rozkryvai͡e krizʹ postati simeĭstva Laurentano. Chleny rodyny postupovo vtrachai͡utʹ viru v idealy nat͡siï, ale prodovz͡hui͡utʹ shukaty moz͡hlyvosti staty shchaslyvymy. Kerui͡uchysʹ ehoïzmom, vony tishatʹsi͡a ili͡uzii͡amy novoï realʹnosti, de odni vbachai͡utʹ sens z͡hytti͡a u dotrymanni tradyt͡siĭ, a inshi - v ihnoruvanni pori͡adkiv. Riznyt͡si͡a u svitohli͡adakh ruĭnui͡e sim'i͡u, demoralizui͡e ïï chleniv i zmushui͡e sumnivatysi͡a u svoïkh vyborakh. Zdavalosʹ, v istoriï z takoi͡u pokhmuroi͡u peredumovoi͡u nemai͡e mist͡si͡a dli͡a lehkosti. Utim, Luïdz͡hi Pirandello znakhodytʹ ĭoho u detalʹnykh zamalʹovkakh Syt͡syliï ta rozkrytti ïï filosofiï. Tak pysʹmennyk vytvori͡ui͡e hlybokyĭ za svoïmy sensamy roman, shcho zacharovui͡e vyraznoi͡u poetykoi͡u ĭ pronyklyvoi͡u opysovisti͡u. "Podiï knyhy vidbuvai͡utʹsi͡a orii͡entovno v 1892 rot͡si na Syt͡syliï, ale okhopli͡ui͡utʹ takoz͡h poperedni 30-40 rokiv, zokrema kilʹka personaz͡hiv, i͡aki voi͡uvaly z Haribalʹdi v 1860-kh rokakh. Zreshtoi͡u, t͡se Pirandello, tomu tekst - t͡se nabahato bilʹshe, niz͡h prosto istorii͡a syt͡syliĭsʹkoï nezalez͡hnosti ta ïï naslidkiv. Vin pronyzanyĭ li͡ubov"i͡u do davnʹoï syt͡syliĭsʹkoï istoriï, syt͡syliĭsʹkoï pryrody, syt͡syliĭsʹkoï filosofiï ta dobirkoi͡u spravz͡hnikh syt͡syliĭsʹkykh personaz͡hiv z usikh verstv suspilʹstva", - iz vidhuku korystuvacha Adam Cherson na Goodreads Solodkistʹ mriĭ ta hirkota zruĭnovanykh spodivanʹ Khoch avtor i okresli͡ui͡e vyklyky periodu Rysordz͡hymento, porushui͡uchy temy korupt͡siï, politychnykh skandaliv ta ekonomichnykh zrushenʹ, ale ĭoho roman prysvi͡achenyĭ ne istoriï Italiï, a ïï narodu. T͡Se knyha pro li͡udeĭ, mriï, prahnenni͡a ĭ zruĭnovani spodivanni͡a nat͡siï. Tak postai͡e bahatoholosa opovidʹ, de zlyvai͡utʹsi͡a tembry arystokrativ i zvychaĭnykh li͡udeĭ, konservatoriv i predstavnykiv novoï burz͡huaziï. U si͡uz͡heti zhadui͡utʹsi͡a fashi ĭ haribalʹdisty, obrazy i͡akykh dodai͡utʹ tvoru kont͡septualʹnoho ob'i͡emu.

The novel is set in Sicily in the 90s of the XIX century, in the period immediately after Risorgimento (unification of Italy), in the era of economic troubles, corruption scandals, social uprisings and peasant uprisings. Pirandello himself called it"a bitter, densely populated novel that depicts the drama of my generation." The work is permeated with a feeling of suffocation, which oppresses both old and young. The former are considered the real culprits of scandals that led to disillusionment with ideals, and the latter are forced to live in a society in which they cannot find a place. Risorgimento, understood as the renewal of the nation, did not bring the expected results, and national unity did not free the backward regions of the country from the sores. This drama manifests itself in the novel, page by page, through a mosaic of faces and events. The focus is on the family, where the father, a representative of the older generation, tries to maintain power and traditions, and his children, in particular the son, who is a reflection of the new generation, are looking for a way out of the system that does not allow them to develop. These intergenerational conflicts, full of psychological tension, become the main plot line. The Book "old and Young" is a socio-psychological drama, the plot of which unfolds against the backdrop of Italy at the end of the nineteenth century. Writer Luigi Pirandello creates a wide panorama of Sicilian life, immersing himself in the history of the Laurentano family. There is a wall of contradictions and despondency between family members, and in their vision of the future there is a gap between ideals and reality. The characters are lost in themselves, and now the father of the family seeks solace in nostalgia and traditional order, and his sons are trying to learn true freedom, getting rid of the restrictions of the bureaucratic system. The contrasting aspirations of the central characters of the drama reflect the problems of the Risorgimento period, when Italians fought for the political unification of their country. However, attempts to renew the nation did not extinguish the flames of strife, bribery and abuse of power.based on the novel, a film adaptation was created: the TV series I vecchi e i giovani released in 1979. The historical prose about the demoralization of generations in the book "Old and young" by Luigi Pirandello highlights the socio‑political upheavals of The Turbulent Times of Risorgimento and shows their impact on the people of that time. The clash with the bureaucratic repressive system distorted the country's values and aspirations, provoking a generational conflict, which the author reveals through the figures of the Laurentano family. Family members gradually lose faith in the ideals of the nation, but continue to look for opportunities to become happy. Guided by selfishness, they enjoy the illusions of a new reality, where some see the meaning of life in observing traditions, and others — in ignoring orders. The difference in worldviews destroys the family, demoralizes its members and makes them doubt their choices. There seemed to be no room for lightness in a story with such a grim premise. However, Luigi Pirandello finds it in detailed sketches of Sicily and reveals its philosophy. This is how the writer creates a novel that is deep in its meanings, which fascinates with its expressive poetics and heartfelt description. The book takes place approximately in 1892 in Sicily, but also covers the previous 30-40 years, including several characters who fought Garibaldi in the 1860s. After all, this is Pirandello, so the text is much more than just a story about Sicilian independence and its aftermath. It is imbued with a love of ancient Sicilian history, Sicilian nature, Sicilian philosophy and a selection of authentic Sicilian characters from all walks of life" — from Adam Cherson's review of Goodreads the sweetness of dreams and the bitterness of shattered hopes although the author outlines the challenges of the Risorgimento period, touching on the themes of corruption, political scandals and economic shifts, but his novel is dedicated not to the history of Italy, but to its people. This is a book about people, dreams, aspirations and destroyed hopes of the nation. This is how a multi-voiced narrative appears, where the timbres of aristocrats and ordinary people, conservatives and representatives of the new bourgeoisie merge. The plot mentions Fasci and garibaldists, whose images add conceptual volume to the work.